BSNL

SNR
SNR means Signal to Noise Ratio. Simply put divide the Signal value by Noise Value and you get SNR. You need high SNR for a stable connection. In general, a higher signal to noise ratio will result in less errors.

• 6bB. or below = Bad and will experience no line synchronisation and frequent disconnections
• 7dB-10dB. = Fair but does not leave much room for variances in conditions.
• 11dB-20dB. = Good with little or no disconnection problems
• 20dB-28dB. = Excellent
• 29dB. or above = Outstanding

Note that most modems display value as SNR Margin and not pure SNR.

SNR Margin
You can think of SNR margin as the measure of quality of the service; it defines the ability of the service to work error free during noise bursts.

This is a measure of the difference between your current SNR and the SNR that is required to keep a reliable service at your connection speed. If your SNR is very close to the minimum required SNR, you are more likely to suffer intermittent connection faults, or slowdowns. You need a high margin to ensure that bursts of interference don't cause constant disconnections.

With traditional broadband, the higher the SNR Margin, the better. With MaxDSL the faster speeds are only available as a trade-off with what your line can reliably support. The Target SNR Margin is about 6dB. If your broadband is provided through an LLU (Local Loop Unbundled) network, this target SNR Margin may be as high as 12dB.

Line Attenuation
In gerneral, attenuation is the loss of signal over distance. Unfortunately, dB loss is not just dependent on distance. It also depends on cable type and gauge (which can differ over the length of the cable), the number and location other connection points on the cable.

• 20bB. and below = Outstanding
• 20dB-30dB. = Excellent
• 30dB-40dB. = Very Good
• 40dB-50dB. = Good
• 50dB-60dB. = Poor and may experience connectivity issues
• 60dB. and above = Bad and will experience connectivity issues

Line attenuation also affects your speed.

• 75 dB+: Out of range for broadband
• 60-75 dB: max speed up to 512kbps
• 43-60dB: max speed up to 1Mbps
• 0-42dB: speed up to 2Mbps+

There are a couple of concepts you need to know before you can understand port forwarding. I'm going to make a couple broad statements that are almost always true. For simplicity lets assume they are true for now.

1.) Every device on the internet has at least one ip address. The IP address is a number that is used to identify a device. For more information on ip addresses refer to our What is an IP Address page.

2.) Every IP address is divided up into many ports. When one computer sends data to another computer, it sends it from a port on an ip address to a port on an ip address. For more information on ports refer to our What is a Port page.

3.) A port can only be used by one program at a time.

Now that we've got those general concepts out of the way let's talk about NAT. NAT is an acronym for Network Address Translation. NAT takes one ip address and basically breaks it into many ip addresses.

Here the external ip address is broken into two internal ip addresses. The first ip address "IP Address1" is the gateway. While "IP Address2" is the ip address of the first computer. Take note that the router has two ip addresses. It has the external ip address, and an internal ip address which acts as the gateway for every computer on the network.

Excuse my rough drawing. Computers on the internal network can only "see" internal ip addresses. So computers on the internal network can not send data directly to a computer outside of the network. When a computer on the network wants to send data to a computer outside of the network, it sends the data to the gateway. Remember the gateway is the internal ip address of the router. The router then takes this data and sends it out to the computer on the internet. The router sends the data out of the external ip address. The same thing is true of computers on the internet. A computer outside of the network can not "see" a computer inside of the network. They can only "see" and send data to the external ip address of the router. The router must then decide what to do with this data. Lucky for us NAT takes care of most of the work for us. There are some programs that NAT was not designed to work with, those are the programs we need to set up port forwarding for. Okay take a deep breath! We are on to port forwarding.

Now that you understand the general concepts of a network, explaining port forwarding is easy. When a computer on the internet sends data to the external ip address of the router, the router needs to know what to do with the data. Port Forwarding simply tells the router which computer on the local area network to send the data to. When you have port forwarding rules set up, your router takes the data off of the external ip address:port number and sends that data to an internal ip address:port number. Port Forwarding rules are created per port. So a rule set up for port 53 will only work for port 53.

A port can only be used by one program at a time! Think of how this rule interacts with NAT. Well you've only got one external ip address on your router. When computer 1 is using port 500, it is using port 500 on it's internal ip address. If you have set up a port forwarding rule for computer 1 and port 500, the external ip address's port 500 is also in use. This means that you can only use port 500 on one computer on the network at a time. Using port 500 on two computers at the same time would violate the one program rule, and your data would get messed up. Most routers require you to specify an internal ip address to forward ports to, just for this reason. Some do not, so be aware of this. Port Forwarding rules will only work for one computer at a time!

Well I hope that was clear enough. Let me know what you think of this guide by using our comments page.

Please comment on this article.

(and if you give me reputation on this, I shall return the favour)

 http://techtricks.co.in/tutorials/portforwarding/portforwarding-bsnl-dataone-ut300r2u-modem

 
Dear Valued Customer,
 
  In our endeavor, to improve customer satisfaction and serve you better, one more
value addition in the form of “Know Your Broadband” Brochure is being presented to
you. This brochure  enables  you  to know  the  common  and  trivial  information  about
broadband in a  simple way. This is an attempt to educate all our esteemed Broadband
customers and we hope it will certainly imbibe more confidence of our customers in
BB  service.  This  brochure  may  be  preserved  for  repeated  readings  as  and  when
required.  Updated  e-Copy  of  this  brochure  would  also  be  made  available  on  our
website www.chennai.bsnl.co.in. 
 
We  invite your valuable comments and suggestions which may kindly be mailed
to mailto:jayshan88@bsnl.co.in .
 
In our endeavor towards the customer delight and to keep continuous contact with
customers, we would  like  to send SMS regarding Usage, Bill details, New discounts
and  schemes  etc… We  request  you  to  kindly  register  your mobile  number  in  our
website http://chennai.bsnl.co.in:7777/custinfo.aspx to get these details continuously.
 
 
 
 
 
 
KOW   YOUR  BROADBAD
 
 
 
1.  Check the Wires
 
The  leading-in  cable  (drop wire)  from  the  junction box  (DP box)  to your house
should be as straight as possible, should be of a single  length without any  joints.
The  wires  should  not  be  coiled  anywhere  and  should  be  away  from  electrical
lines. With  these  types  of  irregularities,  i.e with  joints  or  coiled  or  near  power
cables,  your  phone might work  fine  but  the DSL  link may  not  hold  and work
satisfactorily.
 
2.  Splitters and Parallel telephones
 
Never  by-pass  the  splitter.  The  splitter  does  the  job  of  separating  the  high
frequency ADSL  signals  from  low  frequency  telephone  signals.  If  the  splitter  is
not  installed correctly,  the broadband connection  is  likely  to go down every  time
the phone  rings. Any parallel phone connections  should be after  the  splitter and
not before it. The line from the exchange should first enter into the splitter’s Line
jack. The phone  should be connected only  to  the phone  jack of  the  splitter. The
ADSL modem should be connected to the modem/DSD jack of the splitter. A two
way jack may be connected to this phone jack to  install your parallel telephones.
The  wire  leading  into  the  modem  should  not  be  running  parallel  or  close  to
electrical wiring.
 3.  Signal to oise Ratio (SR)
 
Check your  line SNR. To do  this,  first you need  to enter  into  the Modem’s web
page  by  typing  http://192.168.1.1  in  your  browser.  The  modem  might  ask  for
user-name  and  password.  The  default  user-name  /  password  is  admin  /  admin
(except for the modem Utstar300R where it is admin / utstar ). Under the heading
Device  Info
Statistics
ADSL, you will be able  to see  the SNR Margin and
Attenuation. The SNR should be higher than 20 though anything above 10 is just
enough. The Attenuation should be as low as possible. But if the attenuation starts
going higher than 40 and SNR going down below 10, it is time to complain about
the line condition to our Helpline 1500.
 
4.  Know about your mode of working
 
You should be aware of whether you are using the Broadband in Bridge mode or
PPPoE mode. For the Bridge mode, a network dialer icon will contain your user-
id and password and you need to click the icon to get connected to broadband and
thereafter you will open your explorer to view web-sites. The other method which
is widely used is PPPoE mode, where your user-id and password will be available
(configured)  in  the modem  itself. In  this case, after switching-on  the modem and
when DSL (Link) light is glowing steadily, you can start browsing straight-away.
We  recommend  you  to  first  switch  on  your  modem  and  then  switch  on  your
PC/Laptop. Your user-id will be  either  in dataone domain or  in bsnl.in domain.
You may visit our website www.dataone.in and click the appropriate link “Check
Your Account Usage”  (for user-id  in dataone domain) or  “Usage Detail Portal”
(for  user-id  in  bsnl.in  domain &  provided with  portal-id)  to  check  your  usage,
change your password etc.. You can change your password, but please remember
that whenever  you  change  the  password  using  the web-site,  the  same  password
change must  be  carried-out  in modem  (for  PPPoE mode)  or  in  the  dialer  (for
Bridge mode) also.
 
5.  DS Servers
 
 
•  DNS servers are used to resolve the URL like www.google.co.in into an IP
Address like 209.85.153.103 which is required by routers to take you to the
website. The DNS server IP will automatically be available in the Modem for
PPPoE mode of working. Ensure to keep the modem settings to acquire the
DNS IP automatically please.  
 
•  For Bridge mode of working, your machine will be getting the DNS IP  
automatically. You may check it by giving the command ipconfig /all in the
command prompt.  
 
•  It will always be better to assign an IP address to your Ethernet/USB/Wifi
adapter to which the modem is connected. To set this, go to control panel,
click Network connections and under the “LAN or High-Speed Internet “
there will be icons like Local Area connection, Wireless Network
Connection  showing the NIC card , USB port, Wireless adapter to which
your modem is connected. Right click on the icon, select Properties, click on
Internet Protocol(TCP/IP), click on Properties, click on “Use the following
IP address” put the IP address as 192.168.1.10, subnet mask as
255.255.255.0 and default gateway as 192.168.1.1 and Preferred DNS as 192.168.1.1. Click OK and then again OK and close every thing, reboot your
machine to the take the settings. One can use the public DNS like
208.67.222.222 or 208.67.220.220 also, but if some sites are not opening
using this DNS, BSNL cannot take the responsibility. On the contrary, if
some sites are not opening with BSNL DNS but opening with the public
DNS, the matter may be reported to our helpline so as to analyse &  resolve
the case by contacting the website administrators. 
 
6.  Positioning of  ADSL Type II Modem (Wi2Fi Router)
 
Though  the wireless  signals  from  the ADSL Modem with wireless  capabilities
(Wi-Fi Router),  typically  operating  at  a  frequency  of  2.4GHz,  can  reach Wi-Fi
enabled  laptop  /  PC  within  a  range  of  around  50  meters,  the  brick  walls  and
reflective  surfaces  will  weaken  and  bounce  the  signals  respectively.  It  will  be
better  to  place  the Wi-Fi Modem  (Router)  on  a  higher  place  to  avoid  physical
obstructions. Another main source of interference is the cordless phone. Keep the
router  as  far  away  from  the  cordless  phone  or  choose  cordless  phones  that  use
different frequencies. To  increase  the wireless range, one can also use a wireless
repeater purchased from local market. Before purchasing, ensure from the vendor,
it supports the Wi-Fi router you have.
 
7.  Wi2Fi Security :
 
The security options of wireless router should fully be utilized  to avoid someone
from your neighborhood accessing your modem. The wireless signals might reach
the neighboring houses, and if the security options are not enabled, there is every
chance  of misuse  of  your  broadband  connection. By  default, BSNL  gives  your
wireless modem with  security  enabled. But by  some  chance,  if  the modem gets
reset, the settings might be lost. Hence it is advised to check the security options
are enabled. Customers can visit  the modem webpage as stated earlier and check
the wireless  security  options.  The  very  basic  level  of  security  is  by  giving  the
wireless key, which will be asked by  the modem when a Laptop/PC  is  trying  to
access  the modem for  the first  time. There are  two  types security key algorithm.
One  is  WEP  (Wired  Equivalent  Privacy)  and  another  WPA  (Wi-Fi  Protected
Access).  The  WPA  is  more  secured  and  recommended  by  BSNL.  The  next
(advanced)  level of  security  is – MAC Filtering by which only  your Laptop/PC
will be permitted to access the modem, even if someone knows your security key.
The detailed procedure for  the above  two  levels of wireless security  is published
in  our  website  http://chennai.bsnl.co.in/BBS/Wireless/WirelessSecurity.htm 
under  the heading “Wireless Security”. The default SSID (Service Set Identifier)
of the modem may also be changed as per your desire and the SSID may also be
made hidden (turn-off SSID broadcasting) so that others will not even know about
your  wireless  modem.  In  this  case  of  Hidden  SSID,  your  PC/Laptop  will  be
connected  to  the modem  as  you  have  already  configured  for  the  connection  in
your  machine.  However  sometimes  your  machine  may  not  be  able  to  get
connected  and  in  such  case,  you may  just  right-click  on  the Wireless Network
Connection  icon either  in  the  task bar or  in Network connections under Control
panel and select Repair option please. 
8.  Watch2out for bandwidth overhead:
 
Many  applications  like Windows  updates,  anti-virus  updates  and  other  software
updates will be using the broadband connection in the background. Some of these
updates might ask for confirmation before downloading, many may not even ask
and will be simply  running  in  the background which will affect your browsing  /
download speed. One can find-out the applications which are running, by going to
the  Task  Manager  (Press  Ctrl-Alt-Del  keys  together  to  get  into  the  Task
Manager).  You  may  shut  down  such  of  those  applications  which  are  running
without  your  consent.  But  beware  that  shutting  down  some  vital  applications
required  by  your  operating  system  inadvertently  will  cause  hanging  of  your
system. Windows  updates,  Anti-virus  updates  etc..  could  be  scheduled  to  run
when  your  system  is  free  and  your not browsing. This will help  in utilizing  the
bandwidth effectively.
 
9.  The uisance & Danger of Viruses
 
You might  some  time  feel  that your broadband was quite good  some  time back
but  it  is  slow now  a days. One of  the major  reason  for  this  is  likely  to be  your
machine getting infected with a computer virus. Adwares, spywares too will affect
your  speed. Hence  it  is  very  important  to  have  a  good  anti-virus  software  and
spyware, adware detectors in your system. Regular updates to these software and
Windows updates are also a must. Use only legal version of Windows. 
 
10. Aware of free wares
 
Many  free  software  and  tools  are  offered  by many websites.  But  be  careful  in
selecting  these  software  as  some of  these  software will overload  your operating
system,  some may  act  as  spyware,  and  some may  eat  away  your  bandwidth. A
browser  like  Opera  or  Firefox  lets  you  switch  off  images,  flash  banners,
javascripts etc.. which will cause your browsing speed to be slightly higher. But if
you overdo things, many websites which requires these settings will not open for
you. Keep always an unmodified copy of Internet explorer in such cases so as to
use it when some websites are not opening with your other browsers. 
 
11. Crossing the Free2usage
 
At present for Multiplay Broadband customers (Customers of bsnl.in domain) for
certain plans, you will receive an intimation when crossing the monthly free usage
limit.  You  may  kindly  press  the  button,  “I  Agree”  to  continue  to  enjoy  the
broadband  which  is  chargeable  as  per  your  plan.  However,  we  request  you  to
kindly  switch-off  and  switch-on  the modem  after  pressing  the  “I Agree”  button
please.
 
 
 
 
 
 Please see how to trouble shoot in the following page
12. Trouble Shooting
 
Kindly  switch-off  your modem when not browsing even  if  you  are  in unlimited
plan.  If  the  modem  has  been  purchased  from  BSNL,  never  change  the  power
adapter of the modem with local one. 
 
Sl
No
Indications / observation                    Suggested Action
1  DSL  (ADSL)  Link  light  is  not
glowing  or  it  is  blinking  and
goes off
Check  for any  loose connection  in splitter and
modem.  Ensure  that  ADSL/Modem  port  of
Splitter connected to DSL port of the modem
2  Getting  error  691  (in  Bridge
mode)
Check your user-id and password
3  Getting  error  678  or  769  (in
Bridge mode) 
Check whether your Ethernet/USB/Wifi port is
in Disabled state. If so, enable it.  Problem not
solved  ?.  Carry-out  remedy  of  sl  no:  9,  Still
problem call our helpline
4  DSL  is  steady  but  no  browsing
(in PPPoE mode)
Go  to  modem  webpage  &  check  the  WAN
status  of  your  Modem  for  possible
“Authentication failure”
5  DSL  is  steady    &  no
Authentication  failure  but  still
no browsing
Check  whether  your  modem  is  having  your
user-id.  If  it  is  showing  something  like
“multiplay”,  change  it with  your  user-id,  save
and reboot the modem and try.
6  DSL is steady, no authentication
failure,  modem  is  having  your
user-id, but still no browsing
Go  to  command  prompt  (Start
Run
  type
cmd
Press Enter) Give  the command   ping
www.google.co.in  and press Enter. If getting 4
successful  replies,    then  problem  is  in  your
browser.  Re-install  it  or  re-install  O/s.  If
getting  “Could  not  find  host”,  there  is  DNS
issue with your machine/modem, call 1504.
7  Modem  &  PC  connected  via
USB  but  USB  light  is  not
glowing
Check  the  USB  cable  for  loose  connection.
Reinstall Modem’s USB driver. Still problem ?
call our helpline
8  Modem  &  PC  connected  via
Ethernet but Ethernet/LAN light
not glowing
Check the Ethernet cable for loose connection.
Check whether Local Area Connection  icon  is
available  under  Network  Connections  in
Control Panel.  If not available,  reinstall driver
of the Ethernet card.
9  Unable  to  open  the  modem
webpage http://192.168.1.1
Go  to  LAN  settings,  assign  IP  address
192.168.1.10,  subnet  255.255.255.0,  gateway
as 192.168.1.1. Reboot PC and try again